'Pesticides and their environmental impact Essay\r'

'Introduction\r\nPesticides ar chemicals or organic substances that founder been designed to prevent pests, weeds or diseases in agricultural issue and otherwise places where public wellness is of paramount importance. Pesticides atomic number 18 real important in agricultural production be motion they fake vermin that would polarly lead production losses during growth and the storage. (Hond, dog-iron et.al.2003).\r\nVarious look fores have go on to indicate that farmers baulk to loose well-nigh a ternion of the groom field if pesticides argon non used as a discover measure. This would have catastrophic issue on provender security crosswise the globe. therefore pesticides recreate a major role in feed production. However the handling and the usage of the pesticides has continued to have long lasting effect on the milieu including the flora and fauna. (Hamilton D & Crossley S 2004).\r\nSince 2500 BC farmers used biologic means to control divers(a) pests. It was the safest method even though non the almost effective. The farm products treated by biological pesticides did not have any side do to the consumers who used these products. However after the agrarian revolution, an change magnitude number of farmers started using artificial pesticides that were more equal for the increased ordered series of agricultural production. (Hond, pawl et.al.2003).\r\n in that respect are different types of pesticides depending on the target pests; sucking louseicides economic aid to control insects, bactericide control bacteria and fungicides control fungi. We excessively have celluloid pesticides that are artificially produced in factories. dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane is always listed as maven of the most effective pesticides yet the most environmental destructive which led to its eventual ban in 1939 in over 98 countries. (Hond, Frank et.al.2003).\r\nenvironmental Effects\r\nThe environment is always contaminated when pestici des are applied on crops. During the process of drill it has been cognise that some amounts of pesticides vaporize and are later deposited in the soil or other wetways by rainfall. (Hamilton D & Crossley S 2004).\r\nPesticides present in fundament water system or drinking water has capital tinge and is both costly and problematic to control. For lesson the total concentration of pesticide residues in many intellect water supplies in the EU countries exceeds the maximal permissible concentration. In the US the situation is the same and research done on about 68,000 wells revealed that about 9,000 of these wells were indeed contaminated with the residues, which exceeded the Environmental protective cover Agency standards (EPA) for water meant for drinking. (Hond, Frank et.al.2003)\r\nContaminated water is very damaging to animals, vital microorganisms in the soil, and passing dangerous for the marine ecosystem. (Hond, Frank et.al.2003)\r\nPesticides and Wildlife\r\n Wildlife by nature do not discriminate in their eat and drinking habits, consequently when the pesticides residues find their way to the areas where the wildlife is kick back to exist then it develops great danger as they may lead to a slow besides sure death of the animals. A very groovy showcase is the death of flamingoes and other sibilation species in the Kenyan lake Nakuru. These deaths were as a result of the profligate use of pesticides in the upstream waterway that grant the lake with water. (Watson, D 2004). Greater effects have excessively been recorded amongst various bee and bird species that are very important in the pollination processes.\r\nA correct example of this effect was also recorded in the US and Europe between 1950 and 1970 when the dramatic abate in the population of the birds of forego was attributed to the organochlorine pesticide that was POPs. The use of DDT was found to break down to DDE, chemical that was liable for the cause of ballh ell thinning that resulted to the crushing of the eggs leading to the failure of the breeding cycle of the birds of prey that also included the fish-eating birds. http://www.greenpeace.org/mainland China/en/campaigns/food-and-agriculture/pesticides/\r\n some other pesticide aspect that has led to the worsen in the bird populations is when they have let downd the existence of certain weeds in various arable fields. The weeds play a very signifi reart role in providing the birds with seeds and insects for food, thus when they are decimated then it affects the bird’s food chain. The great decline of the grey partridge is instanter attributed to the use of herbicides that change the availability of the food supply. http://www.greenpeace.org/mainland China/en/campaigns/food-and-agriculture/pesticides/\r\nUntil recently a synthetic pyrethroid insecticide called cypermethrin was commonly used in sheep dips across the UK and had adverse effect on the environment. The greatest i mpact was realized in the marine life where a vast number of various aquatic invertebrates were killed. http://www.greenpeace.org/china/en/campaigns/food-and-agriculture/pesticides/\r\nIn fish the residues are consumed resulting to the bioaccumulation of the pesticides in the birds of prey that eat this fish. Such pesticides as dieldrin and aldrin were directly blamed for the decline in the deaths and population decline of birds of prey.\r\nHowever it is worth noting that in areas where the usage of the chemicals is forbid the population of the birds species has recorded remarkable increase. http://www.greenpeace.org/china/en/campaigns/food-and-agriculture/pesticides/\r\nHealth Effects\r\nWorkers in the manufacturing companies are at great dangers of developing various other complications while handling the manufacturing processes. Some times the workers lack adequate safeguard and are therefore candid to the chemicals that are passing carcinogenic. Farmers and other pesticide handlers are the most exposed wad to the dangers of the pesticides. (Watson, D 2004).\r\nOrganophosphates are less harmful to the environment compared to organ chlorine pesticides. The pesticides can cause type AB pain, headache, dizziness, nausea, as well as skin and center field problems. When pesticides are used for a long time they can also cause respiratory problems, memory disorder, cancer, neurological deficit and in women who are exposed so much to the pesticides it can cause miscarriages and birth defects when significant. (Walter A. et.al.2005)\r\nConsumers\r\nMost of the crops planted by big scale farmers are very harmful to the consumers because these farmers use the pesticides for subtlety processes. Fruits and vegetables contain the pesticides residues making them harmful to the consumers. Due to these residues, the maximum Residue limits has recommended some standards for individual pesticides food to be used. The EPA has set margins that detect the toxicity of the residues and amount of pesticide application that remain in food before it is marketed and prepared. The tolerance level is obtained using scientific assessments that manufactures are mandatory to produce before a particular pesticide can be registered. (Walter A. et.al.2005)\r\nThe study published in 1993 showed that the infants and fryren are exposed to pesticides through their diet, while in the US the study shows that pesticide residues in food cause causes of cancer. (Watson, D 2004). The pesticide residue has been a major concern in the US making it possible in 1996 to embark on a program known as unify States Department of Agriculture to allow its food to be tested for different types of pesticides.\r\nThe program allowed the test of different vegetables and fruits commonly eaten for example: Apple, Lettuce, Pears and Oranges. To nullify the entire wellness problem, the consumer can wash, peel, cook and even trim the plank from meat and eat variety of food to avo id long-term exposure to pesticide. The consumer is also advised to demoralise organic food. (Walter A. et.al.2005)\r\nPesticides are ecumenically exposed to the general public some of the pesticides are very harmful and because they lack proper handling instructions pose great dangers not only to the users but also to the public at large. According to various studies, various pesticides have severe effects on materialization children and cause leukemia. Organophosphate can cause infliction to the center cells and may lead to low birth weights. This is because when pregnant women are exposed to the pesticides they have a very high chance of affecting the uterus and the child carried in the womb. (Walter A. et.al.2005)\r\n With the development of new technology most pesticides are becoming obsolete and other bump methods are creation used as family of pest control much(prenominal) technologies are being developed in such countries as Bangladesh, Indonesia and Mexico.\r\nTo re duce health and environmental risks, biological and botanical methods are being developed and applicators are advised to embroider other methods other than the use of chemical pesticides. For example farming methods like polyculture where by you grow sevenfold types of plants or even planting crops where the pests that damage the plants do not exist (crop rotation) if not you can pad the US style of spraying the pests with hot water or the release of natural predators.\r\nInterfering with insect’s production can be established by sterilizing males so that there is no production of the off springs. All this methods have been achieved in Indonesia and Sweden thus making their environment very friendly not only to human beings but also to their crops and animals. (Hond, Frank et.al.2003).\r\nConclusion\r\nPesticides have been of great use specially in the production of food to sustain the ever-increasing terra firma population. Most of the pesticides have significant sid e effects on the environment and have continued to cause untold damage to the ecosystem. In the developed creation the governments have continued to institute very exact measures that have seen the banning of the usage most of such products.\r\nThe producers realizing the challenges they face in these regions have opted to switch their operations to the third innovation countries where the regimes lack the necessary bag or legislation to control the use of the verbalize products.\r\nThus the dangers have been shifted from the first worlds to the poor third world countries, which are left to bear the brunt of the pesticides. eldest world countries have the responsibility of protecting the world from the effects of the pesticides because they are the largest producers. \r\nWork cited\r\nHamilton, Denis; Crossley, Stephen (2004). Pesticide residues in food and drinking water. J. Wiley.\r\nHond, Frank et.al. (2003). Pesticides: problems, improvements, alternatives. Blackwell Sci ence.\r\nPesticides-and-the-environment: Retrieved on 11th April from http://www.greenpeace.org/china/en/campaigns/food-and-agriculture/pesticides/\r\nWalter A. Alarcon, et.al. (2005) Pesticides and the Environment. â€Å"Acute Illnesses Associated With Pesticide Exposure at Schools”. diary of the American Medical Association\r\nWatson, David H. (2004). Pesticide, veterinary and other in food residues: woodhead Publishing\r\n'